工作面談「問」與「答」(4)
郭曼麗
(作者為紐約州勞工廳就業服務處法拉盛辦公室華人專員)
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不同的面談型式
目前有兩種面談的型式: 一是行為式,一是傳統式。
一.行為式的面談
「行為式的面談」,是建立在「過去的表現,是未來行為的指標」的理論上,而會問一些探詢與應徵工作有關的過去行為的問題。例如一個牽涉到顧客服務的工作,主試者可能問: "Tell me about a time when you have to handle an irate customer."(告訴我你曾經處理發怒的顧客的經驗)。
如果一個職務需要緊密的團體合作,主試者可能問: "Give me an example of a situation where you demonstrated your skill as a team player."(告訴我一個例子可以顯示你是可以與團隊合作的。) "Tell me about a time when you had to rely on a team to get things done." (告訴我一個你必須一依靠團隊才完成工作的經驗。)
"Provide an example of a time when you had to persuade people to do something that they didn't want to do." (提供我一個你曾經必須說服別人做他們不想做的事情的例子) "Give me an example of your leadership style."(給我一個你的領導模式的例子。)
這些問題都是希望瞭解你是否具備他們所要的特質,例如「應變」的能力: Tell me about a time where you confronted an unexpected problem.(告訴我關於你曾經被質詢一個沒有料到的問題的經驗)。「改進政策」的能力: Tell me about an experience when you failed to achieve a goal.(告訴我你沒有達到目標的一個經驗)。
「應付壓力」的能力: Give me a specific example of a time when you managed several projects at once.(告訴我你曾經同時負責好幾項工作的一個特定經驗)。
行為式的問題一定要在事先有充分的準備,針對應徵的工作要求來作回答。
回答時要分四部份重點說明:
一、描述情況。
二、你所採取的行動。
三、有關的結果。
四、由該次經驗中學到了甚麼。如果描述的經驗結果非常傑出,可以先將結果說出,再說明所遇到的問題。
如果不能確定主試者問題的重點,要問清楚 "I'm not sure what kind of information you'd like me to provide here. Can you be more specific?" (我不確定你希望我提供甚麼資料,你是否可以再明確一點?),或是回答後,反問 "Is that the kind of example you were looking for?"(這是不是你希望的例子?)。
千萬不要提供傷害自己的資料,例如被要求「提出一個失敗的經驗」時,你可以答覆: "I need you to help me out here. Since I tend to view most events as opportunities to learn, I'm not sure I know what you mean by the tem 'failure.' If you learn something from an experience, it can never be a failure.
And I try to learn from everything I do. Would you like me to share a learning experience with you?" (這個問題我需要你的幫忙,因為我認為大多數的事件都是學習的機會,我不確定我瞭解你所說的「失敗」的意思。如果一個人從經驗中學習到東西,那就不算失敗,我一直試著從每件事中學習,你願意聽我和你分享一個學習的經驗嗎?)
如果被要求描述一次發脾氣的經驗,你可以說 "I get angry at times but I almost never lose my temper."(我有時候會生氣但是我幾乎沒有發過脾氣)。如果問題需要時間想好答案,不用怕提出要求 "Do you mind if I take a minute to collect my thoughts?"(您介意我花一點時間整理一下我的思緒資嗎? ) 通常主試者會欣賞深思熟慮的人,勝過莽撞的人。
以下是最普遍的一些行為式問題,事先準備好答案可以減少您的壓力,並顯現充分的準備。Tell me about a time when you 告訴我一個經驗關於:
1. Worked effectively under pressure.在壓力下有效率地工作。
2. Handled a difficult situation with a co-worker.處理一個和同事間的困難情況。
3. Were creative in solving a problem.創造性地解決某項問題。
4. Missed an obvious solution to a problem.錯失解決問題的好方案。
5. Were unable to complete a project on time.無法準時完成工作計劃。
6. Persuaded team members to do things your way.說服屬下按照你的方式做事。
7. Anticipated potential problem and developed preventive measures. . . 預料潛在的問題而先發展預防的方法。
8. Had to make an important decision with limited facts.在有限的事實上必須作重要的決定。
9. Were forced to make an unpopular decision.被迫必須作一個不受歡迎的決定。
10. Had to adapt to a difficult situation.必須須適應一個困難的情況。
11. Were tolerant of an opinion that was different from yours.必須容忍一個不同的意見。
12. Used your potential savvy to push a program through that you really believe in. . . . 用你的潛在機智,加強推展一個你相信的計劃。
13. Had to deal with an irate customer.必須應付一個發怒的顧客。
14. Surmounted a major obstacle.克服一個重大的障礙。
15. Set your sights too high (or too low).把志向訂太高或太低。
16. Prioritized the elements of a complicated project.把一個複雜的計劃案按優先順序處理好。
17. Got bogged down in the details of a project.陷入一個計劃案的細節中。
18. Lost (or won) an important contract.失去或贏得一個重要的合約。
19. Made a bad decision.作了一個壞的決定。
20. Hired (or fired) the wrong person.雇用或解雇錯人。
這些問題必須依據您的工作經驗中實際的例子來顯現您處理事情的方式,要小心選擇您所舉的例子。但是這種問題可以讓真正有能力、經驗的人,表現他的特色。當然,表達能力的好壞仍是致勝的關鍵。
問清題意再作回答
如果你不確定對方問題的意思,可以試者請對方解釋清楚,不要答非所問,如果需要想一下再回答,停頓思考再回答是無妨的。你可以這樣說:
I'm not sure I understand the thrust of your question, and I certainly don't what to appear evasive or unresponsive.
Could I ask you to tell me a bit more about what issues or concerns you'd like me to address? (我不確定我瞭解你問題的重心,我不想讓你以為我在逃避或不回答你的問題。你是否可以多告訴我一些關於你希望我闡明哪些問題或關心的事?)
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